What the evidence actually says about peptides

Product Transference Study of Testagen™ TDS®-Testosterone

ClinicalTrials.gov

This study will assess the potential of Testagen® TDS-Testosterone to enable transfer of Testosterone to females coming in contact with skin to which Testagen® TDS-Testosterone has been applied and the potential of product to raise serum androgen levels in those women.

Salivary oxytocin and testosterone in empathic stress responding: a pilot study

Heilmann K, Walter M, Engert V. · Stress (Amsterdam, Netherlands)

Suffering the stress of others (termed empathic stress or stress contagion) may affect an individual's health and well-being.

Mitophagy and Mitochondrial DNA Dynamics During Ramadan Dry Fasting vs 16:8 Time-Restricted Feeding

ClinicalTrials.gov

This study investigates how different types of fasting affect cell health, specifically focusing on how mitochondria (the energy-producing parts of cells) are cleared and renewed.

Multimodal graph-based fusion via image descriptions for few-shot open-set recognition

Huang X, Choi SH. · Neural networks : the official journal of the International Neural Network Society

Few-shot open-set recognition (FSOR) presents unique challenges due to the limited labeled samples and the presence of unknown classes during inference.

Kisspeptin-10/basal LH ratio improves differentiation of central precocious puberty and premature thelarche

Banerjee AA, Bhanarkar SR, Kashikar S, Keshwani R, Walia S, Kavya DR, Bombe S, Pande S, Modi DN, Pathak BR, Joshi B, Tandon D, Patil A, Begum S, Mahale SD, Rao S, Surve SV. · Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry

Background Distinguishing idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP) from premature thelarche (PT) remains a clinical challenge and often necessitates GnRH stimulation testing.

AA-Induced Lipid Peroxidation at the Center of Tumor Cell Apoptosis and Ferroptosis

Das UN. · Reviews of physiology, biochemistry and pharmacology

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), can block HMG-CoA reductase activity and thus decrease cholesterol synthesis/formation.

Two-Part Study of the Effects of the X39 Patch on Circulating GHK and GHK-Cu Levels in Healthy Adults

ClinicalTrials.gov

The goal of this clinical trial is to investigate GHK and GHK-Cu blood levels pre- and post-intervention in healthy adults, and to investigate the efficacy of X39 patch on GHK and GHK-Cu blood levels in healthy adults compared to a placebo.

Impact of BPC-157 on Recovery Following Rotator Cuff Repair Surgery

ClinicalTrials.gov

This study is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial investigating the effects of BPC-157 on tendon healing and functional recovery following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (aRCR).

Evaluation of the Role of Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) in Adult Patients Undergoing Assessment for Endocrine Disorders

ClinicalTrials.gov

Hormones are chemical messengers that help regulate many functions in the body. As women go through menopause, and as men age, levels of certain reproductive hormones change significantly. One of these hormones, luteinizing hormone (LH), increases substantially after menopause and may also rise in some men.

Costa Rican Registry of IL-23 Inhibitors in Psoriatic Disease

ClinicalTrials.gov

The goal of this observational registry study is to evaluate the real-world effectiveness and safety of IL-23 inhibitors in patients with psoriatic disease (psoriasis and/or psoriatic arthritis) treated in Costa Rica.

When to test: defining the earliest reliable time for pregnancy detection and its prognostic value after frozen embryo transfer

Xiao H, Shang X, Ouyang G, Fang Y, Zhao D, Niu Y, Liu Y, Zou J, Li N, Wang Z, Liu L, Wei D. · AJOG global reports

Low-Level Cerebrospinal Fluid β-hCG Elevation in Patients with Pineal Parenchymal Tumors: A Four-Case Series and Diagnostic Caution

He Y, Tong C, Li Y, Jiang T, Li B. · Journal of clinical medicine

Background : Pineal region tumors (PRTs) are rare and biologically heterogeneous neoplasms with overlapping clinical and radiological features.

Biochemical-sonographic Correlations in First-trimester Screening for Foetal Aneuploidy: A Cross-sectional Study from Eastern India

Rani K, Keshari JR, Raj KH, Kumari R, Prasad D, Prabhakar P. · Annals of African medicine

Background Aneuploidy screening constitutes an essential component of routine prenatal care worldwide, which is done by ultrasonography during the first trimester.

Progesterone levels on hCG trigger day and neonatal outcomes in fresh embryo transfers: a retrospective threshold analysis of GnRH antagonist versus agonist long protocols

Wu J, Zhang H, Huang J, Hai L, Liang X, Liu D, Zhou J, Li X, He Y, Wang X. · Frontiers in endocrinology

Background Elevated progesterone levels on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) trigger are known to adversely affect pregnancy outcomes in fresh embryo transfer (fET) cycles, but their impact on neonatal outcomes remains poorly understood.

Buserelin Improves Ovulation-Embryo Synchrony Compared With hCG After eCG-Induced Superovulation in Donor Sows

Lopez-Jara A, Garcia-Canovas M, Gonzalez-Ramiro H, Gil MA, Cuello C, Rodriguez-Martinez H, Parrilla I, Martinez EA. · Reproduction in domestic animals = Zuchthygiene

This study directly compares hCG and buserelin as ovulation-inducing agents following eCG-based superovulation in weaned donor sows, focusing on their practical impact on ovulation-embryo synchrony under field conditions.

Pulmonary Epithelioid Trophoblastic Tumor Without Demonstrable Uterine Involvement: A Case Report and Literature Review Highlighting Diagnostic Challenges and Multidisciplinary Management

Journal of clinical medicine

Pregnancy testing prior to iodine-131 thyroid therapy: a literature review of current recommendations

Sozio S, Cohen D, Raynor W, Kempf J. · EJNMMI reports

Choriocarcinoma at an Abdominal Wall Cesarean Scar: Recurrence After Multi-Line Chemotherapy and Exploration of Salvage Therapy

Xu S, Huang C, Wang M, Wu W, Zhou J. · International journal of women's health

Choriocarcinoma arising at an abdominal wall cesarean scar is not only exceedingly rare and diagnostically challenging but also represents a therapeutic dilemma, particularly when it becomes chemoresistant or relapses after multi-line chemotherapy.

Optimization of Pregnancy Testing in the Emergency Department: A Quality Improvement Initiative

Holstege M, Mukubwa N, Smith M, Layng T, Wendel S. · American journal of medical quality : the official journal of the American College of Medical Quality

Background At our institution, a review of emergency department pregnancy testing identified excess use of serum quantitative (quant) human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) when only a binary result was clinically indicated. Additionally, we observed delays in point-of-care (POCT) urine hCG turnaround time.

Evaluation and performance of the β-hCG discriminatory zone and targeted ultrasound findings for early pregnancy diagnosis in a high-risk population: a retrospective cohort study at a US safety-net hospital

Cherouveim P, Tuli S, Cetin E, Garner J, Fayyaz T, Soylu M, Lachance J, Merida Reyes MA, Kobold R, Akinpeloye A. · BMJ open

Secondary-Amine Relay Enables Lysine-Directed Multicomponent Functionalization of Peptides

Ren C, Zhang M, Jiang T, Wan F, Lv Y, Yang L, Li C. · JACS Au

Multicomponent reactions provide powerful modularity for peptide functionalization, but their application to lysine residues remains limited by the low efficiency of direct primary-amine-based activation pathways under peptide-compatible conditions.

Epitalon and Epithalamin: A Narrative Review of Mechanistic, Preclinical, and Clinical Evidence

Jain A, Gallacher DM, Issa MA, Deer TR, Yong RJ, Diwan S, Lee W, Sayed D, Amirdelfan K, Robinson CL. · International journal of molecular sciences

Epitalon (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly) is a synthetic tetrapeptide developed from the amino-acid composition of epithalamin, a chemically distinct pineal-derived polypeptide preparation.

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP)-Secreting Neuroblastic Tumors in Children Presenting With Chronic Secretory Diarrhea: A Report of Two Cases

Barbar M, Sultan I, Alrifaai A, Al-Dabbagh A, Halalsheh H. · Cureus

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-secreting neuroblastic tumors are rare pediatric neoplasms that may present with chronic secretory diarrhea prior to tumor detection, posing significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.

Emerging role of GLP-1 mono, dual, and triple agonists in the management of MASH-related fibrosis

Tavaglione F, Loomba R. · Cell reports. Medicine

Recent therapeutic advances have resulted in US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of the first pharmacological agents-resmetirom and semaglutide-for advanced metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) without cirrhosis, reshaping the therapeutic landscape of the disease.

Evolution of incretin-based therapies: From GLP-1 monotherapy to dual and triple agonists: A new era in metabolic therapy

Gupta M, Shukla J. · The Indian journal of medical research

Incretin-based therapies have revolutionised the management of metabolic disorders, transitioning from DPP-4 inhibitors to advanced GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and next-generation dual and triple agonists.

Recent Studies on the Effectiveness and Safety of Anti-Obesity Medications: A Scoping Review

Puspitasari IM, Putra DS, Deliyana AN, Adiputri NI, Octovia LI, Paramita SA, Sinuraya RK. · Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy

Obesity remains a major global public health challenge associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and reduced quality of life, necessitating effective treatment strategies beyond lifestyle modifications.

Beyond weight loss: Preserving muscle health in the incretin era

Imaizumi T, Yabe D. · Journal of diabetes investigation

Incretin-Based Dual and Triple Agonists in Overweight or Obese Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Chan ZH, Omar AS, Gill K, Volucke G, Azhar MM, Haleem SM, Sia JE, Rahman OU, Ahmad M, Shahid N, Gardezi SA, Joseph KV, Behary Paray N, Zulfiqar E. · Cardiology in review

Incretin-based dual and triple agonists have emerged as effective options for obesity management, offering enhanced weight loss through multi-receptor agonism. However, data on their efficacy and safety remain limited.

Efficacy and Safety of Dual GLP-1/Glucagon Receptor Agonism in Overweight and Obesity: A Class-Specific Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Amjad MM, Khan MM, Sarwar F, Ali A, Ali M, Bakhash F, Abid H, Ibrahim F, Mustafa K, Ali DE, Fayyaz MMN, Hassan H, Mian SM, Yaseen M, Qamar I, Khan AH, Ullah S, Khan BW. · Diabetes, obesity & metabolism

Background Dual glucagon-like peptide-1/glucagon receptor (GLP-1/GCGR) agonists represent a novel obesity treatment class, but existing meta-analyses often conflate them with GIP-containing agents (tirzepatide, retatrutide) or restrict analysis to one or two drugs, leaving class-specific efficacy and safety incompletel…

Effectiveness and Safety of Tirzepatide Among Participants With Obesity With or Without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)

ClinicalTrials.gov

This is a prospective, multicenter, real-world study conducted in Bangladesh to assess the effectiveness and safety of Tirzepatide compared to structured lifestyle interventions, including dietary modifications and exercise, in obese adults with or without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).

Semaglutide Before Primary Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery in Patients With BMI 60 kg/m² or Higher

ClinicalTrials.gov

Patients with BMI 60 kg/m² or higher are the hardest operations in bariatric surgery. Thick abdominal wall, massive hepatomegaly, reduced working space, fragile fatty tissue, higher conversion and complication rates. Every bariatric surgeon knows this group. Almost no trial recruits it.

A Trial Within Cohort Feasibility Study Design Comparing Standard of Care Versus Weight Loss (Achieved Through Tirzepatide) for Obesity-related Hypertension in Young Adults

ClinicalTrials.gov

Hypertension is the leading risk factor for death globally, affecting approximately 30% of adults in the United Kingdom. Obesity is also a serious and ongoing epidemic, with global obesity rates having more than tripled in men and doubled in women, since 1975.

Tirzepatide attenuates cardiac microvascular injury and ferroptosis-related lipid peroxidation in diabetic mice: endothelial responses in the context of partial PRKN silencing

Lu G, Wang X, Zhuang H, Wang X, Zhou X, Zhao G. · European journal of pharmacology

Background Diabetic metabolic stress damages the cardiac microvasculature.

Case Report: Panic attacks after tirzepatide injection in two female patients with recurrent depressive disorder

Palm U, Backmund M, Himmerich H. · Frontiers in drug safety and regulation

Tirzepatide was introduced several years ago for the management of obesity. Its side-effect profile includes gastrointestinal symptoms and hormonal shifts similar to other glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs).

Tirzepatide safety in EudraVigilance: descriptive and disproportionality analysis of preferred terms related to suboptimal treatment outcomes and drug-use-related issues

Popa Ilie IR, Ghibu S, Butuca A, Dobrea CM, Frum A, Stoicescu L, Homorodean C, Gligor FG, Morgovan C. · BMJ open

Objective As obesity and diabetes are on the verge of an alarming growth, so is the use of tirzepatide, a novel dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide/glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist (RA) and currently the most effective weight loss-drug.

Tirzepatide use in adolescents with metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD): A case series

Perumpail B, Tou A, Panganiban J. · JPGN reports

Real-world observational study evaluating metabolic and kidney outcomes in patients living with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus with obesity prescribed tirzepatide

Carruthers JE, Ooi XY, Goodall D, Reed J, Bedi R, McGrath A, Willicombe M, Avari P, Frankel AH. · Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association

Background Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) accelerate chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. Tirzepatide, a dual glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor agonist, has demonstrated metabolic and potential renoprotective benefits in clinical trials.

Tirzepatide alleviates hepatic steatosis and inflammation in MASLD partly through suppression of macrophage Dectin-1/Syk/NF-κB signaling

He Y, Ma T, Xing H, Cao X, Song F, Pan Y, Ren L. · European journal of pharmacology

Metabolic stress, hepatic lipid accumulation, and macrophage-associated sterile inflammation are closely involved in the development of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Tirzepatide improves metabolic outcomes, but its effects on macrophage inflammatory signaling in MASLD remain unclear.

Dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist versus selective GLP-1 receptor agonist in patients undergoing primary total knee or hip arthroplasty

Davis SC, Patel SV, Fletcher S, McLaughlin JP, Deren ME, Piuzzi NS. · European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology : orthopedie traumatologie

Purpose Tirzepatide is a dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, whereas semaglutide is selective for the GLP-1 receptor.

Tirzepatide Initiation in Lithium-Treated Bipolar Disorder: Renal Biomarker Trajectories and Lithium Safety Signals Over 12 Months in a Real-World Cohort

Rescalli MB, Fagiolini A, Carmellini P, Pinzi M, Castaldo F, Cuomo A. · Human psychopharmacology

Objective To assess early renal and lithium-related safety and 12-month renal biomarker trajectories after tirzepatide initiation in lithium-treated adults with bipolar disorder. Methods We retrospectively studied 23 adults at one centre.

Weight-Loss Outcomes After Sleeve Gastrectomy Versus Tirzepatide in a Minority Cohort With Severe Obesity: Results From a Propensity Score Matched Cohort

Manueli Laos EG, Fontaine-Nicola A, Serafica B, Zhang L, Layden BT, Berger R, Orda CA, Schlottmann F, Pirzada A, Masrur MA. · Clinical obesity

While GLP-1 and GIP receptor agonists like semaglutide and tirzepatide have revolutionized pharmacologic obesity treatment, metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) continues to demonstrate superior weight loss and cost-effectiveness.

Nano zinc supplementation in broiler nutrition: current evidence, mechanisms of action, and future perspectives

Rodriguez Velazquez D, Hosseintabar-Ghasemabad B, Varela Guerrero JA, Gorlov IF, Slozhenkina MI, Mosolov AA, Ondrašovičová S, Seidavi A, García Martínez JE, Rodríguez Huerta FA, Kr, et al. · Frontiers in veterinary science

Zinc is an essential trace mineral involved in numerous biological processes, including growth, antioxidant defense, immune function, and intestinal integrity in broiler chickens. Optimizing its bioavailability remains an important objective in modern poultry nutrition.

Targeting Leukopoiesis: Pharmacological and Biotechnological Strategies for the Treatment of Leukopenia

Baktybayeva L, Kaldybayeva AB, Sokolenko A, Tursynova B, Ten AY, Daulet G, Svambayev E, Thevis M, Yu VK, Tassibekov KS. · Biomedicines

Leukopenia remains a major clinical challenge associated with infectious diseases, oncological therapies, autoimmune disorders, and metabolic and iatrogenic conditions.

Thymulin restrains age-associated myeloid inflammation and enhances cancer immunotherapy

Kanemaru H, Luong S, Yamamoto Y, Mizukami Y, Ito F. · Nature communications

Chronic inflammation increases with age and contributes to cancer progression and therapeutic resistance, yet the mechanisms underlying this process remain incompletely understood.

Zinc Coordination by Thymosin β4: Structural Determinants and Functional Implications

Lachowicz JI, Congiu T, Salis A, Cesare Marincola F. · International journal of molecular sciences

Thymosin β4 (Tβ4) is a highly acidic, intrinsically disordered 43-amino-acid peptide with diverse biological functions, yet its interactions with metal ions remain poorly understood.

A Study Evaluating Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy, Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy Combined With Dual Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Patients With Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

ClinicalTrials.gov

This study will enroll patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

A Case Report of a Multisystemic Immune-Related Adverse Event Caused by Sintilimab in Combination With Thymosin Alpha-1

Li T, Wu BL, Yu CL, Jin LY. · Clinical case reports

To report a case of a nasopharyngeal carcinoma patient who developed multisystem immune-related adverse events (irAEs) after treatment with sintilimab (PD-1 inhibitor) in combination with thymosin alpha-1 (Tα1). The patient presents with high fever, rash, interstitial pulmonary edema, and multiple organ failure.

Thymosin Alpha-1 Restores Chemotherapy-Induced Antitumor Immunity by Chaperoning a MicroRNA Ligand of TLR7 in Dendritic Cells

Wei Y, Chen J, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Zhu F, Wang X, Zhou X, Wu C, Zhang W, Chen J, Zhang Y, Pan N, Chen K, Zheng S, Yan C, Liu L, Wang L. · Cancer research

Chemotherapy induces cancer cell apoptosis and the release of apoptotic bodies (AB) that are poorly immunogenic or immunosuppressive, creating a major barrier to the success of coadministered or second-line immunotherapies.